Worksheet: Assignements on the presentation ''Academic Writing''
In what ways are Anglo – American and Estonian ( Russian ) patterns of academic writing different from the cultural point of view?
Anglo – American reader are busy reader and know something about background, but Estonian reader are informed volleaques. Anglo – American text is easy to read, but Estonian text is sophisticate.
What is the ''moto'' of academic writing?
Keep it short and simple!
Make every word count!
What are the general characteristics of academic writing?
Clarity, readability and non – ambiguity
What does the writer have to remember about the aims of the reader reading a scientific paper?
That the reader read scientific papers because they want learn something.
What are the main strategies of academic writing?
Make the strategy ofthe text clear
Never translate
Accept total responsibility for being clear
The worst sin is ambiguity
Trust your ear
Careful editing shortens your text
What are the main steps of a research process?
Question
What is known?
Formulate the problem
Hypothesis
Project plan
Conduct the experiment
Collect the data
Decide on methods
Analyse results
Interpertation
Make conclusion
Comment on the new knowledge
What are the arts of scientific paper in relation to the steps of the research process?
The title must be informative and consist 7 – 10 words.
Abstracts most be 250 words.
Summarise previous general research.
Focus on your research project.
Use informative names.
Use numbers and statistics.
End with a summary.
Answer the question posed in the introdustion.
In conclusion avoid promising to publish.
What are the major characteristics of a good title for scientific paper?
Informative ( subject not results)
Concise ( 7- 10 words)
Initiating
Specific
What is an abstract and what are the main characteristics of this part of a scientific paper?
Abstract is the most highly polished part of the paper.
Why what was done was done
What was done
What was found
What was concluded
So what implications
What information should an introduction of scientific paper contain?
Introduction summarise previous general research.
Omit the facts known to every scientist
State the purpose of your work, your intention, hypothesis to test.
What are the essential issues to be remembered about the ''Discussions'' and ''Conclusions'' parts of the paper?
Answer the questions posed in the itroduction
Suggest further research
What are the grammar structures to be used in the ''Methods'' and ''Results'' parts of the paper?
Stay in the past tense
Passive forms
What are the major peculiarities of the formal register academic papers belong to?
Full forms
Impersonal structures
No slang
Never start sentences with: ''but'', ''because'', ''and'' and others
Use pardlel constructions
Careful choice of words
No extra words
Refer immediatly to all the main items involved
14. What are the problems issues of academic writing and how do you comment on them? Passive vs Active Voice
Verb sv noun
Latin abbreviations ( etc, e.g., i.e.)
You must wise up to what are the passive voice and active voice.
You havt to known whta latin abbreviations means to use them.
You must to differentiate nouns and verbs.
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